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Human-elephant conflict (HEC) has become a serious socio-economic and conservation problem in Sri Lanka.Sri Lanka had the highest annual elephant deaths and second highest human deaths, due to HEC. Male mortality was higher in both elephants and people. Conflict has greatly increased in intensity and geographic extent from that reported previously. The highest conflict has shifted from the Northwest to the East and North-Central areas, with the Northwest showing a decline in conflict. The changes in different areas were probably related to differences in management actions and developmental activity. Further increase in HEC is likely in the Eastern, North-Central and Northern regions.
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Over 60 percent of households in the Northern Province are food insecure (46 percent moderately food insecure and 15 percent severely food insecure). This despite improvements among the returnee1 population in income and food security levels since October 2010. The trend and severity of food insecurity are particularly worrisome in Killinochchi. Low income levels and high food prices have led to weak purchasing power of households in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. As a result, there are signs of asset depletion, high indebtedness and adaptation of relatively serious coping behaviors, especially in the Northern Province. In Vavuniya and Jaffna, the level of need in the not recently returned population – a population not typically the focus of assistance – is of similar severity as the rcently returned population. The most substantial food assistance reduction is expected in Mullaitivu where the situation requires close monitoring in the near future.
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“GDD Srilanka has a long presence in the North Central Province, focusing on the most vulnerable children, families and communities. Early Childhood Education and Care (ECCD) is one of the most important initiatives in ensuring a solid foundation to achieving a full education for the children of Sri Lanka. This partnership builds on the work already done and will help to ensure sustainability of the pre-school and other educational institutions in the province.
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In a crisis, providing even the most basic educational services to school going age children who have dropped out of school is an enormous challenge. In Sri Lanka, the disruption to the education of thousands of children ended with the termination of a prolonged civil war that we faced for over 30 years due to the TTE terrorism activities in the country. the education was disrupted through displacement, loss of family members, psychological impact, loss of school materials as well as the destruction of school buildings and infrastructure. In these circumstances, simply providing basic service delivery of education is often a major challenge. But there is a need to move beyond that; education competencies appropriate for particular ages are an essential component of reintegrating into the regular school curriculum. Effective provision of education can also serve to deliver stability and long lasting peace.
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Sri Lanka’s urban-rural linkages have been getting stronger during the last few decades owing to the village-based development programmes of the government; the village reawakening programme and rural-empowerment programme have revitalized the rural areas and the concurrent infrastructure development and service centre development programmes have strengthened urbanrural ties thus retarding rural-urban migrations to a great extent.
However administrative lapses and inefficiencies inherent in the public sector have diminished the effectiveness of several progressive legislation aimed at improving the socio-economic and physical environment of the people especially that of the disabled, the aged, the youth and those who are living in disaster-prone areas.
Only a few years after the cessation of a protracted civil strife that lasted for nearly 30 years. Except for some of those of the Eastern, North Central and Northern Provinces who fled to other parts of the country during the civil strife returning back to their homes, no other drastic changes in the internal migration pattern have been observed
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Remote rural areas can function as spatial poverty traps, with people living in such traps experiencing compound disadvantages that include low returns on investment, partial integration into fragmented markets, inadequate access to public services and social and political exclusion. Hence, these traps deserve attention as they constitute a key driver of poverty of a large proportion of the poorest people. Enabling sustained poverty escapes and equity requires policy and investments aimed at reversing spatial poverty traps, tackling chronic poverty, preventing impoverishment and reducing vulnerability to risks. The persistence of rural poverty and the extent of inequality, landlessness and unemployment in developing countries is also attributed to the patterns of colonial and post-colonial development, institutionalized discrimination and exploitation . There is a danger that some of the dynamics that have exacerbated and perpetuated rural poverty in countries such as South Africa may be replicated elsewhere in Africa.
